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April 2021; 7 (2) ArticleOpen Access

Associations Between Variant Repeat Interruptions and Clinical Outcomes in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1

View ORCID ProfileStephan Wenninger, View ORCID ProfileSarah A. Cumming, Kristina Gutschmidt, Kees Okkersen, View ORCID ProfileAura Cecilia Jimenez-Moreno, Ferroudja Daidj, Hanns Lochmüller, Fiona Hogarth, View ORCID ProfileHans Knoop, Guillaume Bassez, View ORCID ProfileDarren G. Monckton, Baziel G.M. van Engelen, View ORCID ProfileBenedikt Schoser
First published March 9, 2021, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXG.0000000000000572
Stephan Wenninger
From the Department of Neurology (S.W., K.G., B.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology (S.A.C., D.G.M.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.O., B.G.M.v.E.), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Institute of Genetic Medicine (A.C.J.-M.), Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (F.D., G.B.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders (H.L.), University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany; Center for Genomic Regulation (H.L.), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain; Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (F.H.), The University of Dundee, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Psychology (H.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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  • ORCID record for Stephan Wenninger
Sarah A. Cumming
From the Department of Neurology (S.W., K.G., B.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology (S.A.C., D.G.M.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.O., B.G.M.v.E.), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Institute of Genetic Medicine (A.C.J.-M.), Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (F.D., G.B.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders (H.L.), University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany; Center for Genomic Regulation (H.L.), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain; Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (F.H.), The University of Dundee, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Psychology (H.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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  • ORCID record for Sarah A. Cumming
  • For correspondence: sarah.cumming@glasgow.ac.uk
Kristina Gutschmidt
From the Department of Neurology (S.W., K.G., B.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology (S.A.C., D.G.M.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.O., B.G.M.v.E.), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Institute of Genetic Medicine (A.C.J.-M.), Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (F.D., G.B.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders (H.L.), University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany; Center for Genomic Regulation (H.L.), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain; Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (F.H.), The University of Dundee, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Psychology (H.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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  • For correspondence: kristina.stahl@med.uni-muenchen.de
Kees Okkersen
From the Department of Neurology (S.W., K.G., B.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology (S.A.C., D.G.M.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.O., B.G.M.v.E.), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Institute of Genetic Medicine (A.C.J.-M.), Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (F.D., G.B.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders (H.L.), University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany; Center for Genomic Regulation (H.L.), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain; Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (F.H.), The University of Dundee, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Psychology (H.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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  • For correspondence: kees.okkersen@radboudumc.nl
Aura Cecilia Jimenez-Moreno
From the Department of Neurology (S.W., K.G., B.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology (S.A.C., D.G.M.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.O., B.G.M.v.E.), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Institute of Genetic Medicine (A.C.J.-M.), Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (F.D., G.B.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders (H.L.), University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany; Center for Genomic Regulation (H.L.), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain; Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (F.H.), The University of Dundee, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Psychology (H.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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  • ORCID record for Aura Cecilia Jimenez-Moreno
  • For correspondence: cecilia.jimenez-moreno@newcastle.ac.uk
Ferroudja Daidj
From the Department of Neurology (S.W., K.G., B.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology (S.A.C., D.G.M.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.O., B.G.M.v.E.), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Institute of Genetic Medicine (A.C.J.-M.), Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (F.D., G.B.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders (H.L.), University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany; Center for Genomic Regulation (H.L.), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain; Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (F.H.), The University of Dundee, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Psychology (H.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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  • For correspondence: ferroudja.daidj@aphp.fr
Hanns Lochmüller
From the Department of Neurology (S.W., K.G., B.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology (S.A.C., D.G.M.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.O., B.G.M.v.E.), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Institute of Genetic Medicine (A.C.J.-M.), Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (F.D., G.B.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders (H.L.), University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany; Center for Genomic Regulation (H.L.), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain; Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (F.H.), The University of Dundee, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Psychology (H.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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  • For correspondence: hanns.lochmuller@gmail.com
Fiona Hogarth
From the Department of Neurology (S.W., K.G., B.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology (S.A.C., D.G.M.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.O., B.G.M.v.E.), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Institute of Genetic Medicine (A.C.J.-M.), Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (F.D., G.B.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders (H.L.), University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany; Center for Genomic Regulation (H.L.), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain; Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (F.H.), The University of Dundee, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Psychology (H.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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  • For correspondence: f.j.hogarth@dundee.ac.uk
Hans Knoop
From the Department of Neurology (S.W., K.G., B.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology (S.A.C., D.G.M.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.O., B.G.M.v.E.), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Institute of Genetic Medicine (A.C.J.-M.), Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (F.D., G.B.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders (H.L.), University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany; Center for Genomic Regulation (H.L.), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain; Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (F.H.), The University of Dundee, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Psychology (H.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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  • For correspondence: hans.knoop@amsterdamumc.nl
Guillaume Bassez
From the Department of Neurology (S.W., K.G., B.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology (S.A.C., D.G.M.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.O., B.G.M.v.E.), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Institute of Genetic Medicine (A.C.J.-M.), Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (F.D., G.B.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders (H.L.), University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany; Center for Genomic Regulation (H.L.), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain; Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (F.H.), The University of Dundee, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Psychology (H.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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  • For correspondence: guillaume.bassez@hmn.aphp.fr
Darren G. Monckton
From the Department of Neurology (S.W., K.G., B.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology (S.A.C., D.G.M.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.O., B.G.M.v.E.), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Institute of Genetic Medicine (A.C.J.-M.), Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (F.D., G.B.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders (H.L.), University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany; Center for Genomic Regulation (H.L.), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain; Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (F.H.), The University of Dundee, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Psychology (H.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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  • For correspondence: darren.monckton@glasgow.ac.uk
Baziel G.M. van Engelen
From the Department of Neurology (S.W., K.G., B.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology (S.A.C., D.G.M.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.O., B.G.M.v.E.), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Institute of Genetic Medicine (A.C.J.-M.), Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (F.D., G.B.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders (H.L.), University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany; Center for Genomic Regulation (H.L.), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain; Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (F.H.), The University of Dundee, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Psychology (H.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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  • For correspondence: b.vanengelen@neuro.umcn.nl
Benedikt Schoser
From the Department of Neurology (S.W., K.G., B.S.), Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology (S.A.C., D.G.M.), University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (K.O., B.G.M.v.E.), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Institute of Genetic Medicine (A.C.J.-M.), Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, United Kingdom; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (F.D., G.B.), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France; Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders (H.L.), University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany; Center for Genomic Regulation (H.L.), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain; Tayside Clinical Trials Unit (F.H.), The University of Dundee, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Psychology (H.K.), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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  • For correspondence: benedikt.schoser@med.uni-muenchen.de
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Citation
Associations Between Variant Repeat Interruptions and Clinical Outcomes in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1
Stephan Wenninger, Sarah A. Cumming, Kristina Gutschmidt, Kees Okkersen, Aura Cecilia Jimenez-Moreno, Ferroudja Daidj, Hanns Lochmüller, Fiona Hogarth, Hans Knoop, Guillaume Bassez, Darren G. Monckton, Baziel G.M. van Engelen, Benedikt Schoser
Neurol Genet Apr 2021, 7 (2) e572; DOI: 10.1212/NXG.0000000000000572

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Abstract

Objective To assess the association between variant repeat (VR) interruptions in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and clinical symptoms and outcome measures after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention.

Methods Adult patients with DM1 were recruited within the OPTIMISTIC trial (NCT02118779). Disease-related history, current clinical symptoms and comorbidities, functional assessments, and disease- and health-related questionnaires were obtained at baseline and after 5 and 10 months. After genetic analysis, we assessed the association between the presence of VR interruptions and clinical symptoms' long-term outcomes and compared the effects of CBT in patients with and without VR interruptions. Core trial outcome measures analyzed were: 6-minute walking test, DM1-Activ-C, Checklist Individual Strength Fatigue Score, Myotonic Dystrophy Health Index, McGill-Pain questionnaire, and Beck Depression inventory—fast screen. Blood samples for DNA testing were obtained at the baseline visit for determining CTG length and detection of VR interruptions.

Results VR interruptions were detectable in 21/250 patients (8.4%)—12 were assigned to the standard-of-care group (control group) and 9 to the CBT group. Patients with VR interruptions were significantly older when the first medical problem occurred and had a significantly shorter disease duration at baseline. We found a tendency toward a milder disease severity in patients with VR interruptions, especially in ventilation status, mobility, and cardiac symptoms. Changes in clinical outcome measures after CBT were not associated with the presence of VR interruptions.

Conclusions The presence of VR interruptions is associated with a later onset of the disease and a milder phenotype. However, based on the OPTIMISTIC trial data, the presence of VR interruptions was not associated with significant changes on outcome measures after CBT intervention.

Trial Registration Information ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02118779.

Glossary

6MWT=
6-minute walking test;
BDI-Fs=
Beck Depression inventory—fast screen;
CBT=
cognitive behavioral therapy;
CIS=
Checklist Individual Strength;
DM1=
myotonic dystrophy type 1;
ePAL=
estimating the progenitor allele length;
MDHI=
Myotonic Dystrophy Health Index;
PROM=
patient-reported outcome measure;
SAP=
statistical analysis plan;
VR=
variant repeat

Footnotes

  • Go to Neurology.org/NG for full disclosures. Funding information is provided at the end of the article.

  • OPTIMISTIC Consortium coinvestigators are listed at appendix 2 at the end of the article.

  • The Article Processing Charge was funded by the authors.

  • Received September 23, 2020.
  • Accepted in final form February 4, 2021.
  • Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

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