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February 2021; 7 (1) ArticleOpen Access

Blended Phenotype of Silver-Russell Syndrome and SPG50 Caused by Maternal Isodisomy of Chromosome 7

Marvin Ziegler, View ORCID ProfileBianca E. Russell, Kathrin Eberhardt, Gregory Geisel, View ORCID ProfileAngelica D'Amore, Mustafa Sahin, Harley I. Kornblum, View ORCID ProfileDarius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
First published December 29, 2020, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXG.0000000000000544
Marvin Ziegler
From the Department of Neurology and The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center (M.Z., K.E., G.G., A.D., M.S., D.E.-F.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Functional Neuroanatomy (M.Z.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Germany; Division of Genetics (B.E.R.), Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Translational Neuroscience Center (G.G., M.S.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; and Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (H.I.K.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (H.I.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.
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  • For correspondence: marvin.ziegler@childrens.harvard.edu
Bianca E. Russell
From the Department of Neurology and The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center (M.Z., K.E., G.G., A.D., M.S., D.E.-F.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Functional Neuroanatomy (M.Z.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Germany; Division of Genetics (B.E.R.), Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Translational Neuroscience Center (G.G., M.S.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; and Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (H.I.K.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (H.I.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.
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  • ORCID record for Bianca E. Russell
  • For correspondence: berussell@mednet.ucla.edu
Kathrin Eberhardt
From the Department of Neurology and The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center (M.Z., K.E., G.G., A.D., M.S., D.E.-F.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Functional Neuroanatomy (M.Z.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Germany; Division of Genetics (B.E.R.), Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Translational Neuroscience Center (G.G., M.S.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; and Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (H.I.K.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (H.I.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.
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  • For correspondence: eberhardt.kathrin@hotmail.de
Gregory Geisel
From the Department of Neurology and The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center (M.Z., K.E., G.G., A.D., M.S., D.E.-F.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Functional Neuroanatomy (M.Z.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Germany; Division of Genetics (B.E.R.), Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Translational Neuroscience Center (G.G., M.S.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; and Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (H.I.K.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (H.I.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.
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  • For correspondence: gregory.geisel@childrens.harvard.edu
Angelica D'Amore
From the Department of Neurology and The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center (M.Z., K.E., G.G., A.D., M.S., D.E.-F.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Functional Neuroanatomy (M.Z.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Germany; Division of Genetics (B.E.R.), Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Translational Neuroscience Center (G.G., M.S.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; and Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (H.I.K.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (H.I.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.
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  • For correspondence: angelica.damore@childrens.harvard.edu
Mustafa Sahin
From the Department of Neurology and The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center (M.Z., K.E., G.G., A.D., M.S., D.E.-F.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Functional Neuroanatomy (M.Z.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Germany; Division of Genetics (B.E.R.), Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Translational Neuroscience Center (G.G., M.S.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; and Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (H.I.K.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (H.I.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.
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  • For correspondence: mustafa.sahin@childrens.harvard.edu
Harley I. Kornblum
From the Department of Neurology and The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center (M.Z., K.E., G.G., A.D., M.S., D.E.-F.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Functional Neuroanatomy (M.Z.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Germany; Division of Genetics (B.E.R.), Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Translational Neuroscience Center (G.G., M.S.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; and Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (H.I.K.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (H.I.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.
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  • For correspondence: hkornblum@mednet.ucla.edu
Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
From the Department of Neurology and The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center (M.Z., K.E., G.G., A.D., M.S., D.E.-F.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; Department of Functional Neuroanatomy (M.Z.), Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Germany; Division of Genetics (B.E.R.), Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Translational Neuroscience Center (G.G., M.S.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA; and Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (H.I.K.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (H.I.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.
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Citation
Blended Phenotype of Silver-Russell Syndrome and SPG50 Caused by Maternal Isodisomy of Chromosome 7
Marvin Ziegler, Bianca E. Russell, Kathrin Eberhardt, Gregory Geisel, Angelica D'Amore, Mustafa Sahin, Harley I. Kornblum, Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
Neurol Genet Feb 2021, 7 (1) e544; DOI: 10.1212/NXG.0000000000000544

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    Figure 1 Clinical Characterization of a Blended Phenotype of Silver-Russell Syndrome and SPG50

    (A) Facial features consist of a high forehead, frontal bossing, flat and prominent nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, micrognathia, and a tented upper lip. (B) Brain MRI at age 3 years: (Left) Sagittal T1-weighted image showing a thin corpus callosum with predominant thinning of the splenium (white arrows). (Right) Axial T2-weighted image showing ventriculomegaly mainly in the form of colpocephaly (white arrows) due to loss of periventricular white matter.

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    Figure 2 Functional Characterization Reveals Loss of AP-4 Function

    (A) Western blot of whole cell lysates from fibroblasts derived from the proband and her mother (heterozygous carrier). Levels of AP4E1, a subunit of the AP-4 complex, are reduced, indicating that no stable AP-4 is formed. ATG9A, a main cargo protein of AP-4, is robustly increased consistent with AP-4 deficiency. (B) Immunocytochemistry and high-content confocal imaging of fibroblasts derived from the proband and her mother (heterozygous carrier) demonstrate an accumulation of the AP-4 cargo protein ATG9A in the trans-Golgi network (marker: TGN46) suggesting a loss of AP-4 function. Line blots demonstrate the colocalization of ATG9A fluorescence with the trans-Golgi network marker TGN46. Scale bar: 10 μm. p Values are denoted as follows: p < 0.05 (∗) and p < 0.0001 (∗∗∗∗). AP4E1 = Adaptor Related Protein Complex 4 Subunit Epsilon 1; ATG9A = Autophagy Related Protein 9A; AU = arbitrary units; TGN = trans-Golgi network.

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