June 2019; 5 (3) ArticleOpen Access
Oligogenic basis of sporadic ALS
The example of SOD1 p.Ala90Val mutation
Liina Kuuluvainen, Karri Kaivola, Saana Mönkäre, Hannu Laaksovirta, Manu Jokela, Bjarne Udd, Miko Valori, Petra Pasanen, Anders Paetau, Bryan J. Traynor, David J. Stone, Johanna Schleutker, Minna Pöyhönen, Pentti J. Tienari, Liisa Myllykangas
First published April 23, 2019, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/NXG.0000000000000335
Liina Kuuluvainen
From the Department of Clinical Genetics (L.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (L.K.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular Neurology (K.K., M.V., P.J.T.), Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Genetics (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Turku; University Hospital (S.M.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology (H.L.), Helsinki University Hospital, and Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (M.J., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (B.U.), Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine (P.P., J.S.), University of Turku; Turku University Hospital (P.P., J.S.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (B.J.T.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Merck & Co. (D.J.S.), Inc., West Point, PA; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.P.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (M.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (P.J.T.), Helsinki University Hospital; and Department of Pathology (L.M.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
MDKarri Kaivola
From the Department of Clinical Genetics (L.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (L.K.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular Neurology (K.K., M.V., P.J.T.), Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Genetics (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Turku; University Hospital (S.M.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology (H.L.), Helsinki University Hospital, and Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (M.J., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (B.U.), Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine (P.P., J.S.), University of Turku; Turku University Hospital (P.P., J.S.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (B.J.T.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Merck & Co. (D.J.S.), Inc., West Point, PA; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.P.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (M.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (P.J.T.), Helsinki University Hospital; and Department of Pathology (L.M.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
MDSaana Mönkäre
From the Department of Clinical Genetics (L.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (L.K.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular Neurology (K.K., M.V., P.J.T.), Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Genetics (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Turku; University Hospital (S.M.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology (H.L.), Helsinki University Hospital, and Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (M.J., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (B.U.), Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine (P.P., J.S.), University of Turku; Turku University Hospital (P.P., J.S.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (B.J.T.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Merck & Co. (D.J.S.), Inc., West Point, PA; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.P.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (M.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (P.J.T.), Helsinki University Hospital; and Department of Pathology (L.M.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
MScHannu Laaksovirta
From the Department of Clinical Genetics (L.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (L.K.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular Neurology (K.K., M.V., P.J.T.), Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Genetics (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Turku; University Hospital (S.M.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology (H.L.), Helsinki University Hospital, and Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (M.J., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (B.U.), Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine (P.P., J.S.), University of Turku; Turku University Hospital (P.P., J.S.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (B.J.T.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Merck & Co. (D.J.S.), Inc., West Point, PA; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.P.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (M.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (P.J.T.), Helsinki University Hospital; and Department of Pathology (L.M.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
MDManu Jokela
From the Department of Clinical Genetics (L.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (L.K.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular Neurology (K.K., M.V., P.J.T.), Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Genetics (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Turku; University Hospital (S.M.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology (H.L.), Helsinki University Hospital, and Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (M.J., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (B.U.), Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine (P.P., J.S.), University of Turku; Turku University Hospital (P.P., J.S.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (B.J.T.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Merck & Co. (D.J.S.), Inc., West Point, PA; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.P.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (M.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (P.J.T.), Helsinki University Hospital; and Department of Pathology (L.M.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
MD, PhDBjarne Udd
From the Department of Clinical Genetics (L.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (L.K.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular Neurology (K.K., M.V., P.J.T.), Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Genetics (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Turku; University Hospital (S.M.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology (H.L.), Helsinki University Hospital, and Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (M.J., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (B.U.), Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine (P.P., J.S.), University of Turku; Turku University Hospital (P.P., J.S.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (B.J.T.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Merck & Co. (D.J.S.), Inc., West Point, PA; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.P.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (M.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (P.J.T.), Helsinki University Hospital; and Department of Pathology (L.M.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
MD, PhDMiko Valori
From the Department of Clinical Genetics (L.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (L.K.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular Neurology (K.K., M.V., P.J.T.), Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Genetics (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Turku; University Hospital (S.M.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology (H.L.), Helsinki University Hospital, and Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (M.J., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (B.U.), Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine (P.P., J.S.), University of Turku; Turku University Hospital (P.P., J.S.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (B.J.T.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Merck & Co. (D.J.S.), Inc., West Point, PA; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.P.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (M.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (P.J.T.), Helsinki University Hospital; and Department of Pathology (L.M.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
MScPetra Pasanen
From the Department of Clinical Genetics (L.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (L.K.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular Neurology (K.K., M.V., P.J.T.), Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Genetics (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Turku; University Hospital (S.M.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology (H.L.), Helsinki University Hospital, and Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (M.J., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (B.U.), Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine (P.P., J.S.), University of Turku; Turku University Hospital (P.P., J.S.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (B.J.T.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Merck & Co. (D.J.S.), Inc., West Point, PA; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.P.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (M.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (P.J.T.), Helsinki University Hospital; and Department of Pathology (L.M.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
PhDAnders Paetau
From the Department of Clinical Genetics (L.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (L.K.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular Neurology (K.K., M.V., P.J.T.), Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Genetics (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Turku; University Hospital (S.M.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology (H.L.), Helsinki University Hospital, and Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (M.J., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (B.U.), Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine (P.P., J.S.), University of Turku; Turku University Hospital (P.P., J.S.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (B.J.T.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Merck & Co. (D.J.S.), Inc., West Point, PA; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.P.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (M.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (P.J.T.), Helsinki University Hospital; and Department of Pathology (L.M.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
MD, PhDBryan J. Traynor
From the Department of Clinical Genetics (L.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (L.K.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular Neurology (K.K., M.V., P.J.T.), Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Genetics (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Turku; University Hospital (S.M.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology (H.L.), Helsinki University Hospital, and Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (M.J., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (B.U.), Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine (P.P., J.S.), University of Turku; Turku University Hospital (P.P., J.S.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (B.J.T.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Merck & Co. (D.J.S.), Inc., West Point, PA; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.P.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (M.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (P.J.T.), Helsinki University Hospital; and Department of Pathology (L.M.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
MD, PhDDavid J. Stone
From the Department of Clinical Genetics (L.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (L.K.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular Neurology (K.K., M.V., P.J.T.), Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Genetics (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Turku; University Hospital (S.M.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology (H.L.), Helsinki University Hospital, and Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (M.J., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (B.U.), Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine (P.P., J.S.), University of Turku; Turku University Hospital (P.P., J.S.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (B.J.T.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Merck & Co. (D.J.S.), Inc., West Point, PA; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.P.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (M.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (P.J.T.), Helsinki University Hospital; and Department of Pathology (L.M.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
PhDJohanna Schleutker
From the Department of Clinical Genetics (L.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (L.K.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular Neurology (K.K., M.V., P.J.T.), Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Genetics (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Turku; University Hospital (S.M.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology (H.L.), Helsinki University Hospital, and Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (M.J., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (B.U.), Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine (P.P., J.S.), University of Turku; Turku University Hospital (P.P., J.S.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (B.J.T.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Merck & Co. (D.J.S.), Inc., West Point, PA; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.P.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (M.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (P.J.T.), Helsinki University Hospital; and Department of Pathology (L.M.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
PhDMinna Pöyhönen
From the Department of Clinical Genetics (L.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (L.K.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular Neurology (K.K., M.V., P.J.T.), Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Genetics (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Turku; University Hospital (S.M.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology (H.L.), Helsinki University Hospital, and Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (M.J., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (B.U.), Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine (P.P., J.S.), University of Turku; Turku University Hospital (P.P., J.S.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (B.J.T.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Merck & Co. (D.J.S.), Inc., West Point, PA; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.P.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (M.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (P.J.T.), Helsinki University Hospital; and Department of Pathology (L.M.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
MD, PhDPentti J. Tienari
From the Department of Clinical Genetics (L.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (L.K.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular Neurology (K.K., M.V., P.J.T.), Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Genetics (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Turku; University Hospital (S.M.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology (H.L.), Helsinki University Hospital, and Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (M.J., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (B.U.), Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine (P.P., J.S.), University of Turku; Turku University Hospital (P.P., J.S.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (B.J.T.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Merck & Co. (D.J.S.), Inc., West Point, PA; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.P.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (M.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (P.J.T.), Helsinki University Hospital; and Department of Pathology (L.M.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
MD, PhDLiisa Myllykangas
From the Department of Clinical Genetics (L.K.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (L.K.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular Neurology (K.K., M.V., P.J.T.), Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Genetics (S.M.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Turku; University Hospital (S.M.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology (H.L.), Helsinki University Hospital, and Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center (M.J., B.U.), Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Division of Clinical Neurosciences (M.J.), Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center (B.U.), Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine (P.P., J.S.), University of Turku; Turku University Hospital (P.P., J.S.), Laboratory Division, Genetics and Saske, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland; Department of Pathology (A.P.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (B.J.T.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Merck & Co. (D.J.S.), Inc., West Point, PA; Department of Clinical Genetics (M.P.), Helsinki University Hospital; Department of Medical Genetics (M.P.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology (P.J.T.), Helsinki University Hospital; and Department of Pathology (L.M.), University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
MD, PhDOligogenic basis of sporadic ALS
The example of SOD1 p.Ala90Val mutation
Liina Kuuluvainen, Karri Kaivola, Saana Mönkäre, Hannu Laaksovirta, Manu Jokela, Bjarne Udd, Miko Valori, Petra Pasanen, Anders Paetau, Bryan J. Traynor, David J. Stone, Johanna Schleutker, Minna Pöyhönen, Pentti J. Tienari, Liisa Myllykangas
Neurol Genet Jun 2019, 5 (3) e335; DOI: 10.1212/NXG.0000000000000335
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- Figure Neuropathologic findings of the autopsied patient (index)
(A) Plastic-embedded sections from the dorsal spinal root show normal density of axons, whereas (B) severe loss of both myelinated and unmyelinated axons is seen in the anterior spinal roots (toluidine blue ×600 magnification). (C) There is severe neuronal loss in the anterior spinal columns, and the remaining neurons appear chromatolytic (hematoxylin and eosin [HE]-stained section from the lumbar spinal cord, ×400 magnification). (D) The hypoglossal nucleus was mildly degenerated (HE-stained section from the medulla oblongata, ×400 magnification. (E) Muscle biopsy taken from the vastus lateralis showed atrophic small groups (arrow) and overrepresentation of type 2 fibers, suggesting abundant reinnervation (double immunohistochemistry for myosin, ×200 magnification). (F) Higher magnification shows that both type 1 (brown) and type 2 (red) fibers (arrows) are atrophic (×400 magnification).
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