Abstract
Objective To determine the putative protective relationship of educational attainment on Alzheimer disease (AD) risk using Mendelian randomization and to test the hypothesis that by using genetic regions surrounding individually associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as the instrumental variable, we can identify genes that contribute to the relationship.
Methods We performed Mendelian randomization using genome-wide association study summary statistics from studies of educational attainment and AD in two stages. Our instrumental variable comprised (1) 1,271 SNPs significantly associated with educational attainment and (2) individual 2-Mb regions surrounding the genome-wide significant SNPs.
Results A causal inverse relationship between educational attainment and AD was identified by the 1,271 SNPs (odds ratio = 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.54–0.74; p = 4.08 x 10−8). Analysis of individual loci identified 2 regions that significantly replicated the causal relationship. Genes within these regions included LRRC2, SSBP2, and NEGR1; the latter a regulator of neuronal growth.
Conclusions Educational attainment is an important protective factor for AD. Genomic regions that significantly paralleled the overall causal relationship contain genes expressed in neurons or involved in the regulation of neuronal development.
Glossary
- AD=
- Alzheimer disease;
- CI=
- confidence interval;
- GWAS=
- genome-wide association study;
- IGAP=
- International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project;
- IVW=
- inverse variance weighted;
- LD=
- linkage disequilibrium;
- OR=
- odds ratio;
- SNP=
- single nucleotide polymorphism
Footnotes
Funding information and disclosures are provided at the end of the article. Full disclosure form information provided by the authors is available with the full text of this article at Neurology.org/NG.
The Article Processing Charge was funded by the authors.
- Received July 15, 2018.
- Accepted in final form December 18, 2018.
- Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.
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